Table 2.

Correlates of purchasing a sugar-sweetened beverage or noncaloric beverage at a restaurant, U.S. households 2012–2013 (n=14,669).

Variable	Sugar-sweetened beveragea	Low-calorie beverageb
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Characteristics of person acquiring the purchase
Age
Adult (40+ years)	ref	Ref
Adult (20–39 years)	1.5 (1.2, 1.8)***	0.7 (0.5, 0.9)**
Adolescent (12–19 years)	2.6 (1.6, 4.4)**	0.4 (0.3, 0.7)**
Child (<12 years)	1.8 (0.7, 4.9)	0.1 (0.0, 0.3)***
Sex
Male	ref	Ref
Female	0.9 (0.7, 1.0)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)
Race
White	ref	ref
Black	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)***
Other race	0.8 (0.7, 0.9)**	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
Hispanic
No	ref	ref
Yes	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.8 (0.6, 0.9)**
BMI category
Not overweight	ref	ref
Overweight	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)
Obese	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)
Characteristics of the household
Educational attainment
<High School	ref	ref
High School Grad	1.0 (0.7, 1.3)	1.2 (0.8, 1.7)
>High School	0.8 (0.7, 1.1)	1.0 (0.7, 1.5)
Poverty status
185%+ FPL	ref	ref
100%−184% FPL	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)
<100% FPL	1.0 (0.7, 1.3)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)
Food security status
Food secure	ref	ref
Marginal food security	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)*	0.7 (0.5, 1.0)
Low food security	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)*	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)
Very low food security	1.2 (0.9, 1.5)	0.7 (0.5, 0.8)**
Food assistance participation
SNAP
No	ref	ref
Yes	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	0.7 (0.6, 0.8)**
WIC participant
No	ref	ref
Yes	1.3 (0.9, 1.8)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
Characteristics of the purchase
Restaurant type
Small chain or independent restaurant	ref	ref
Top fast food chain	1.9 (1.6, 2.3)***	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)***
Top fast casual chain	1.0 (0.8, 1.4)	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)*
Top full-service chain	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)	1.2 (0.9, 1.7)
Combination meal
No	ref	ref
Yes	2.8 (1.3, 3.3)***	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)
Kids’ menu
No	ref	ref
Yes	2.1 (1.2, 3.4)**	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

Note: Logistic regression additionally controlled for the number of items purchased, whether the purchase was shared with other people, the timing of the purchase (breakfast, lunch dinner, or snack) whether the beverage came from a buffet, and whether or not the purchase was intended for multiple meals. Standard errors account for the sampling design.

^a“Sugar-sweetened beverages” include fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks, Vitamin water, and sweetened tea.

^b“Low-calorie beverages” include water, seltzer, diet beverages, and unsweetened coffee or tea. Boldface indicates statistically significant difference from reference group.

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001