Table 3.
Predicted mean per capita beverage calories and sugar and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from purchases containing a caloric beverage, U.S. households 2012–2013 (n=8,335)
| Variable | Calories (kcals) per capita per purchase | Sugar (g) per capita per purchase |
|---|---|---|
| Predicted mean (95% CI) | Predicted mean (95% CI) | |
| Characteristics of person acquiring the purchase | ||
| Age | ||
| Adult (40+ years) (ref) | 137 (125, 150) | 30 (28, 33) |
| Adult (20–39 years) | 188 (175, 201)*** | 40 (38, 43)*** |
| Adolescent (12–19 years) | 214 (205, 224)*** | 47 (38, 43)*** |
| Child (<12 years) | 172 (134, 210) | 36 (26, 46) |
| Sex | ||
| Male (ref) | 161 (150, 172) | 36 (33, 38) |
| Female | 159 (148, 171) | 34 (32, 37) |
| Race | ||
| White (ref) | 158 (149, 168) | 34 (32, 36) |
| Black | 195 (176, 214)*** | 45 (41, 49)*** |
| Other race | 142 (126, 159)* | 32 (28, 36) |
| Hispanic | ||
| No (ref) | 158 (149, 167) | 34 (32, 36) |
| Yes | 176 (158, 194)* | 38 (35, 41)* |
| BMI category | ||
| Not overweight (ref) | 164 (150, 178) | 36 (33, 39) |
| Overweight | 156 (140, 172) | 34 (30, 38) |
| Obese | 160 (145, 176) | 34 (31, 37) |
| Characteristics of the household | ||
| Educational attainment | ||
| <High School (ref) | 157 (131, 183) | 35 (29, 41) |
| High School Grad | 160 (147, 174) | 35 (32, 38) |
| >High School | 160 (150, 171) | 35 (32, 37) |
| Poverty status | ||
| 185%+ FPL (ref) | 159 (148, 170) | 34 (32, 37) |
| 100%−184% FPL | 164 (149, 179) | 37 (33, 41) |
| <100% FPL | 165 (147, 183) | 37 (32, 41) |
| Food security status | ||
| Food secure (ref) | 154 (142, 166) | 34 (31, 36) |
| Marginal food security | 172 (159, 185)* | 37 (34, 40) |
| Low food security | 188 (154, 222) | 38 (35, 41) |
| Very low food security | 179 (160, 198)* | 40 (35, 44)* |
| Food assistance participation | ||
| SNAP | ||
| No (ref) | 160 (150, 169) | 35 (33, 37) |
| Yes | 168 (151, 184) | 37 (34, 41) |
| WIC participant | ||
| No (ref) | 160 (151, 169) | 35 (33, 37) |
| Yes | 161 (138, 184) | 36 (31, 42) |
| Characteristics of the purchase | ||
| Restaurant type | ||
| Non-top chain (ref) | 121 (108, 134) | 26 (23, 29) |
| Top fast food chain | 191 (177, 205)*** | 43 (39, 46)*** |
| Top fast casual chain | 173 (134, 211)* | 32 (26, 37) |
| Top full-service chain | 143 (117, 169) | 32 (27, 38)* |
| Combination meal | ||
| No (ref) | 158 (148, 168) | 34 (32, 37) |
| Yes | 166 (149, 182) | 36 (33, 39) |
| Kids’ menu | ||
| No (ref) | 161 (152, 170) | 35 (33, 37) |
| Yes | 129 (96, 161)* | 28 (20, 36) |
Note: Limited to purchases including a caloric beverage. Regressions additionally controlled for the number of items purchased, whether the purchase was shared with other people, the timing of the purchase (breakfast, lunch dinner, or snack) whether the beverage came from a buffet, and whether or not the purchase was intended for multiple meals. Standard errors account for the sampling design. Boldface indicates statistically significant difference from reference group.
*
p<0.05
***
p<0.001