Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is developing new scientific frontiers. Because MPE is a method-based discipline, its analytical frameworks can be applied to other scientific disciplines, such as environmental science, nutritional science, and pharmacology. MPE also drives the development of new analytical methods, creating subfields such as causal inference-MPE and life course-MPE. Finally, MPE and its related disciplines can be applied to any disease-specific research area.