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Inducible morphological defenses are manifold in the genus Daphnia. The listed examples show helmet expression in D. cucullata (A); crest expression in D. longicephala (C); head- and tail-spine formation D. lumholtzi (D), and neckteeth expression in D. pulex (B). Undefended morphotypes are displayed on the left side, and the defended morphotype on the right side. Images by Becker & Weiss.
