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. 2019 Jan 24;9:482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36503-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Maximum/minimum principal strain along path at the lateral (left) and medial (right) femoral surface at 45% (top) and 37% (bottom) of the gait cycle for different stem designs (Corail, SP-CL, Spotorno) and the intact bone. Please observe the dominant hip joint load on the left and their orientation pointing laterally, posteriorly, and caudally. Cranial-caudal path summarized with moving average, single measurement points shown as transparent circles demonstrating a large variance with position.