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. 2019 Jan 24;9:728. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37305-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Editing of TP53 with human and elephant APOBEC3A. (a) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (FRET)-based in vitro deamination assay of hA3A and eA3Z1 performed on FAM-TAMRA coupled oligonucleotides using transfected HEK-293T lysates. Pv and hA3A_C101S were used as negative controls. Results are expressed in Relative Fluorescence Unit per μg of protein (RFU/μg). Differences were calculated using the Unpaired t test (***p < 0.001, ns: no significance). (b) 3D-PCR recovered edited TP53 DNA down to 84.9°C and 84.1°C for hA3A and eA3Z1 respectively. The white line indicates the threshold between edited and unedited 3D-PCR products in terms of the denaturation temperature. Pv and hA3A_C101S showed no editing of TP53 and were used as negative control. Asterisks refer to the samples cloned and sequenced. M, molecular weight markers. (c) CG- > TA mutation frequencies analyzed with hA3A_C101S and pv at 87°C and with hA3A and eA3Z1 at 85.9°C. (d) Dinucleotide context of TP53 DNA region on minus strand DNA obtained with hA3A and eA3Z1. Chi-square test indicates dinucleotide frequencies that significantly deviate from the expected values (*p < 0.05).