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. 2019 Jan 24;9:632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37236-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental task and procedure. (A) An example of gain domain. The risky option leading to a probability of 20% of a ¥50 gain or not gaining anything is displayed on the left side of the screen. The sure option is displayed on the right side of the screen, leading to a sure gain of ¥10. (B) An example of loss domain. The risky option leading to a probability of 33% of a ¥30 loss or losing nothing is displayed on the left side of the screen. The sure option is displayed on the right side of the screen, leading to a sure loss of ¥10. (C) Timeline of each trial. Note that the instruction phase is presented only during the first trial in each block.