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. 2019 Jan 24;9:544. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35811-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Morphological changes in lysosomes of aSyn or Aβ-exposed cells. (a,b) H4 cells (a) and rat primary neurons (b) were exposed to monomeric (M), oligomeric (O), and fibrillar (F) aSyn. Lysosomes were probed with LysoT and their morphology was analyzed by fluorescent microscopy (left panels of (a,b)). In untreated cells (Ctrl), LysoT staining demonstrates diffuse (asterisks) or small puncta-like structures (arrowheads). In both H4 cells and primary neurons, extracellular administration of aSyn induces a pronounced enlargement of lysosomes characterized by the formation of LysoT+ clumps (arrows). The proportion of cells carrying larger LysoT+ clumps (diameters = >1.5 µm) enhances in aSyn-exposed cells with increasing aggregation states of extracellularly applied aSyn. (c) Enlargement of lysosomes probed by LysoT (red) in H4 cells treated with 1 µM Aβ monomers (Aβ-M) and aggregates for 24 h (ICC: left; quantification: right). Quantification for (a–c), n = 3, Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.