Table 1.

Saponins isolated and characterized from the GP extract.

Compound 6A
3β,20ξ,21ξ,23ξ-tetrahydroxy-19-oxo-21,24ξ-cyclodammar-25-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 921.4818	[M + Na]+; measured 921.4789	ref.7
Compound 6B
3β,20ξ,21ξ,26-tetrahydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O18	[M + H]+; calc. 915.4948	[M + H]+; measured 915.4930	ref.35
Compound 8
(20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxy-19-oxodammar-23,25-diene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O18	[M + Na]+; calc. 1067.5397	[M + Na]+; measured 1067.5351	ref.36
Compound 10
3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxodammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C52H86O21	[M + H]+; calc. 1069.5554	[M + H]+; measured 1069.5663	ref.26
Compound 12
(3β,20S,23R)-3,20,23,26-tetrahydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C47H76O18	[M + Na]+; calc. 951.4924	[M + Na]+; measured 951.4863
Compound 15A
3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-en 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- β-D-glucopyranosyl-21-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C53H90O21	[M + Na]+; calc. 1085.5867	[M + Na]+; measured 1085.5857	ref.37
Compound 17B
3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-en 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- 6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-21-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C55H92O22	[M + Na]+; calc. 1127.5972	[M + Na]+; measured 1127.5899	ref.37
Compound 18 (major and minor)
3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O17	[M−H2O]+; calc. 881.4893	[M−H2O]+; measured 881.4901	ref.7
Compound 19
(3β,20S,23 S)-3,20,23trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H72O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 919.4662	[M + Na]+; measured 919.4612	refs21,22,35
Compound 20A
(3β,20S,23R)-3,20,23trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H72O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 919.4662	[M + Na]+; measured 919.4625	refs21,22
Compound 20B
(3β,20S)-3,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H76O16	[M + Na]+; calc. 907.5026	[M + Na]+; measured 907.4995	ref.17
Compound 21 (major and minor)
23(R/S)-3β,20ξ,21(R/S)-trihydroxy-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D- glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C47H78O17	[M - H2O]+; calc. 897.5206	[M - H2O]+; measured 897.5219	ref.7
Compound 22 (major and minor)
23(R/S)-3β,20ξ,21(R/S)-trihydroxy-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H76O16	[M - H2O]+; calc. 867.5100	[M - H2O]+; measured 867.5103	ref.7
Compound 23
(3β,20S,23S)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C48H78O18	[M + H]+; calc. 943.5261	[M + H]+; measured 943.5273	ref.8
Compound 25
(3β,20S,23R)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C47H76O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 913.5155	[M + Na]+; measured 913.5150	refs21,22
Compound 26
(3β,20S,23S)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C47H76O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 913.5155	[M + Na]+; measured 913.5144	refs21,22
Compound 27A
(3β,20S,23R)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O16	[M + Na]+; calc. 905.4869	[M + Na]+; measured 905.4877	refs21,22
Compound 27B
(3β,20S,23S)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C46H74O16	[M + Na]+; calc. 905.4869	[M + Na]+; measured 905.4877	refs21,22
Compound 29
3β,20-dihydroxydammar-23,25-diene-21-carboxylic acid 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C47H76O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 935.4975	[M + Na]+; measured 935.4961	ref.38
Compound 31
(3β,20S,23R)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C49H78O18	[M + Na]+; calc. 977.5080	[M + Na]+; measured 977.5033	ref.8
Compound 32
(3β,20S,23S)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C49H78O18	[M + Na]+; calc. 977.5080	[M + Na]+; measured 977.5021	ref.8
Compound 34
3β,20-dihydroxydammar-23,25-diene-21-carboxylic acid 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C49H78O18	[M + Na]+; calc. 977.5080	[M + Na]+; measured 977.5047
Compound 39
(3β,20S,23S)-3,20,23-trihydroxydammar-24-en-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C51H80O19	[M + Na]+; calc. 1019.5186	[M + Na]+; measured 1019.5140	ref.8
Compound 41
(23ξ)-21ξ-O-n-butyl-3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
White amorphous powder	C50H82O17	[M + Na]+; calc. 977.5444	[M + Na]+; measured 977.5407	ref.39