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. 2019 Jan 24;9:670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37043-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relative abundance of antioxidant enzyme mRNAs along C. cumulans digestive system. (a) SOD mRNA levels; ns = no significance, ****p < 0.0001, **p = 0.0085 and *p = 0.0438. (b) GPX mRNA levels; ns = no significance, ****p < 0.0001 and *p = 0.0249. Salivary glands (sg), foregut (fg), midgut (mg) and hindgut compartments – p1, p3, p4 and p5. Analyses were performed using qRT-PCR and the 2^−ΔΔCT method, with HSP-70 as the housekeeping gene and the midgut as a reference sample. The data shown are mean ± S.E.M. from nine replicates with ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.