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. 2019 Jan 24;9:598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36959-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TEM micrographs of chemically fixed and decalcified contact between epithelium and fibre calcite in modern Magellania venosa. Samples were taken from the central region of the shell. (a) With ongoing mineralization, the membrane lining the proximal, convex part of the fibre is not yet developed (red arrows). (b) Apical cell membrane attached to organic membranes of the fibres by apical hemidesmosomes (green arrows), the latter being connected to basal hemidesmosomes (orange arrows) via tonofilaments (tf). Cells below fibres in the process of active mineral secretion do not contain any tonofilaments.