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. 2019 Jan 24;9:480. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36949-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of 24 h of treatment of different seed inoculants (SW: sterile water, BSG: brewer’s spent grain, and BF: biocontrol fertilizer) on mean (±SE) seedling height. (a) A column diagram (F_2,6 = 75.592; P < 0.001) and (b) a picture of grown plants are shown. Bars with different letters differ significantly from all seed treatment durations at the P = 0.05 level (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test after two-way ANOVA).