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. 2019 Jan 24;9:489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36887-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dominant males upregulate urinary protein excretion in seminatural conditions. Male urinary protein excretion (PC ratio) before, during, and after housing in seminatural enclosures for socially dominant (solid line) and subordinate (dot-dashed line) males compared to caged control males (dashed line). Mice were repeatedly sampled before (two urine collections) and during enclosure phase (three urine collections). Error bars indicate mean ± 1 s.e.m. (standard error of the mean).