Table 1.
Characteristics of all patients.
| Characteristics | Overall | Female | Male | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) or Mean ± SD, Median [interquartile range] | ||||
| Numbers of patients | 3,077 (100.0) | 542 (17.6) | 2,535 (82.4) | |
| Age (years old) | 65.7 ± 11.9 | 69.6 ± 13.0 | 64.8 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.0 | 22.5 ± 4.5 | 24.8 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 651 (21.2) | 56 (1.8) (10.3†) | 595 (19.3) (23.5†) | <0.001 |
| Family history of IHD | 743 (24.1) | 131 (4.3) (24.2†) | 615 (19.9) (24.1†) | 0.985 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Hb (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 1.7 | 13.7 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.92 ± 0.47 | 0.76 ± 0.35 | 0.96 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 68.5 ± 19.6 | 65.6 ± 20.8 | 69.1 ± 19.3 | <0.001 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| 6.1 [5.1, 7.0] | 5.2 [4.4, 6.5] | 6.2 [5.3, 7.1] | ||
| FBS (mg/dL) | 121.3 ± 42.4 | 114.1 ± 32.9 | 122.9 ± 44.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 0.002 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 123.4 ± 94.1 | 105.0 ± 52.5 | 127.4 ± 100.3 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.7 ± 15.3 | 58.8 ± 16.6 | 50.2 ± 14.5 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 101.6 ± 30.4 | 107.8 ± 32.0 | 100.2 ± 29.9 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.46 ± 1.36 | 0.48 ± 1.47 | 0.46 ± 1.34 | 0.722 |
| BNP (ng/L) | 122.5 ± 261.1 | 181.9 ± 351.9 | 109.7 ± 235.2 | <0.001 |
| 43.2 [16.7, 123.3] | 70.0 [26.3, 192.6] | 38.6 [15.2, 111.0] | ||
| Left ventricular hemodynamic parameter | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 56.9 ± 11.8 | 59.0 ± 11.7 | 56.4 ± 11.8 | <0.001 |
| Underlying cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 2591 (84.2) | 375 (12.2) (69.2†) | 2216 (72.0) (87.4†) | <0.001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 444 (14.4) | 69 (2.2) (12.7†) | 375 (12.2) (14.8†) | 0.215 |
| Angina pectoris | 2154 (70.0) | 287 (9.3) (53.0†) | 1867 (60.7) (73.6†) | <0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 236 (7.7) | 62 (2.0) (11.4†) | 174 (5.7) (6.9†) | <0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 220 (7.1) | 77 (2.5) (14.2†) | 143 (4.6) (5.6†) | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 416 (13.5) | 80 (2.7) (14.8†) | 336 (10.9) (13.3†) | 0.352 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 190 (6.2) | 38 (1.3) (7.0†) | 152 (4.9) (6.0†) | 0.327 |
| Other than AF | 226 (7.3) | 42 (1.4) (7.7†) | 184 (6.0) (7.3†) | 0.691 |
| Other clinical diagnosis | ||||
| Hypertension | 2279 (74.1) | 373 (12.1) (68.8†) | 1906 (61.9) (75.2†) | 0.002 |
| Type-2 diabetes mellitus | 1212 (39.4) | 175 (5.7) (32.3†) | 1037 (33.7) (40.9†) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2221 (72.2) | 368 (12.0) (67.9†) | 1853 (60.2) (73.1†) | 0.014 |
| Medication | ||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 2153 (70.0) | 299 (9.7) (55.2†) | 1854 (60.3) (73.1†) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulant agents | 407 (13.2) | 79 (2.6) (14.6†) | 328 (10.7) (12.9†) | 0.307 |
| ACE inhibitors | 597 (19.4) | 82 (2.7) (15.1†) | 515 (16.7) (20.3†) | 0.006 |
| ARBs | 1201 (39.0) | 202 (6.6) (37.3†) | 999 (32.5) (39.4†) | 0.354 |
| Beta blockers | 1235 (40.1) | 187 (6.1) (34.5†) | 1048 (34.1) (41.3†) | 0.003 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 1626 (52.8) | 270 (8.8) (49.8†) | 1356 (44.1) (53.5†) | 0.120 |
| Diuretics | 633 (20.6) | 144 (4.7) (26.6†) | 489 (15.9) (19.3†) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hyperuricemia | 501 (16.3) | 35 (1.1) (6.5†) | 466 (15.1) (18.4†) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 1794 (58.3) | 291 (9.5) (53.7†) | 1503 (48.8) (59.3†) | 0.016 |
| Other than statins | 349 (11.3) | 65 (2.1) (12.0†) | 284 (9.2) (11.2†) | 0.599 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents | 839 (27.3) | 120 (3.9) (22.1†) | 719 (23.4) (28.4†) | 0.003 |
| Insulin | 276 (9.0) | 50 (1.6) (9.2†) | 236 (7.3) (8.9†) | 0.819 |
Hb, hemoglobin; UA, uric acid; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin II type I-receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IHD, ischemic heart disease; and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. †, the percentage of each sub-group of patients. The significant difference comparisons between female group and male group were described using P value.