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. 2019 Jan 24;9:651. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36912-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Physiological stimulation of neuronal activity induces a DDR signalling. DIV55 neurons were treated with NMDA or KCl for up to 30 min and analysed for the phosphorylation of ATM targets. To inhibit action potential, neurons were pre-incubated overnight with the sodium channel blocker TTX. (a) Time-dependent phosphorylation of ATM targets induced by NMDA. Pre-incubation for 1 hr with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 was also performed (lane 5). (b) The ATMi was added 1 hr prior to treatment for 20 min with NMDA or KCl. (c) Time-dependent phosphorylation of ATM targets upon KCl-depolarization. Vinculin and β-Actin are loading controls for proteins.