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. 2019 Jan 24;9:458. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36450-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ApoE effects on the longitudinal changes (i.e., calculated difference between 2007–2011) of 44/228 (p < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction) NMR-based serum metabolic measures in all subjects participated in both follow-ups (n = 1734). Statistics: Regression models are adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI and BMI-change. Regression β-coefficients (x-axis) indicate in standard deviation (SD) units the difference of metabolite level change between two apoE genotype subgroups (ε4− and ε4+). ε4− group is set at the origin (zero SD) and post-hoc compared with ε4+ group (circles). β-values with 95% CI are scaled to SD increments from normalized i.e., ln-transformed metabolic change measures. For clarity of illustration, only the results of the analyses with p < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction are shown here. Definitions: apoE ε4− subgroup (ε2/2, ε3/2, ε3/3 combined; n = 1112) and apoE ε4+ subgroup (ε4/2, ε4/3, ε4/4 combined; n = 622).