IgG, IgM, CRP, and C3 opsonization and survival in serum of WT and licA mutant NTHi strains. (A to E) NTHi bacteria were incubated with TEPC-15 (PCho), 10% NHS (C3), or 10% HI-NHS (IgG, IgM, and CRP), and surface binding of TEPC-15 (A), IgG (B), IgM (C), CRP (D), or C3 (E) was determined by flow cytometry (n = 5). (F) Bacteria were incubated with 10% NHS or 10% HI-NHS for 1 h, and survival was determined by dividing the CFU in 10% NHS by the CFU in HI-NHS after 1 h of incubation (n = 4). A two-tailed paired t test was used for statistical analysis. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, not significant.