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. 2018 Mar 1;555(7694):41–47. doi: 10.1038/nature25760

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Modelling regions were defined as the five GBD regions of Central (central SSA), East (eastern SSA), North (North Africa and the Middle East), South (southern SSA) and West Africa (western SSA)57. As this study was limited to mainland Africa and African island nations, select countries were excluded from the North Africa and Middle East region (Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). Western Sahara was included as part of the North region.