Table 1.
Baseline Demographic Characteristics and APOE ε4 Risk Status of the Full Sample and by Cognitive status at Follow-up
| Non-impaired N=7124 |
CIND N=2392 |
Dementia N=397 |
Total N=9913 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.53 (8.61) | 70.50 (9.40) | 73.03 (9.20) | 67.03 (9.16) |
| Education (years) | 13.64 (2.44) | 12.24 (2.82) | 11.87 (2.85) | 13.23 (2.64) |
| Gender (female) | 61% | 58% | 63% | 60% |
| Race (African American) | 8% | 15% | 17% | 10% |
| Race (other or unknown) | 2% | 3% | 3% | 2% |
| Race (white) | 90% | 82% | 80% | 88% |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 5% | 9% | 10% | 6% |
| APOE ε4 risk statusa | 24% | 28% | 24% | 26% |
| Depressive symptoms at baseline | 1.05 (1.68) | 1.47 (1.95) | 1.69 (2.09) | 1.18 (1.78) |
| History of mental disorder | 15% | 17% | 21% | 16% |
| Obesity | 41% | 39% | 38% | 40% |
| Hypertension | 54% | 64% | 63% | 56% |
| Diabetes | 16% | 22% | 28% | 18% |
| Current smoker | 12% | 13% | 12% | 12% |
| Moderate physical activity | 3.35 (1.22) | 3.16 (1.34) | 3.00 (1.69) | 3.29 (1.26) |
| Psychological dimensions | ||||
| Anxiety | 1.48 (.51) | 1.62 (.59) | 1.69 (.63) | 1.52 (.54) |
| Negative affectb | −.14 (.87) | −.02 (.97) | .12 (1.04) | −.10 (.91) |
| Hostility | 2.80 (1.07) | 3.01 (1.13) | 3.11 (1.17) | 2.86 (1.10) |
| Anger in | 2.20 (.67) | 2.14 (.67) | 2.14 (.73) | 2.18 (.67) |
| Anger out | 1.48 (.47) | 1.49 (.50) | 1.51 (.57) | 1.49 (.48) |
| Pessimism | 2.32 (1.20) | 2.73 (1.29) | 2.96 (1.31) | 2.45 (1.24) |
| Hopelessness | 2.08 (1.13) | 2.48 (1.30) | 2.74 (1.38) | 2.20 (1.20) |
| Perceived constraints | 1.96 (1.05) | 2.28 (1.18) | 2.52 (1.22) | 2.06 (1.10) |
Note. Total N=9913. CIND=cognitive impairment not dementia.
a
n=7,966.
b
Scores for negative affect were standardized within wave (2006, 2008) before combined.