. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 25.

Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;65(3):1041–1050. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180119

Table 3.

Psychological Distress and Self-Beliefs and Risk of Incident Cognitive Impairment Not Dementia (CIND)

Construct	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4

Anxiety	1.17 (1.13–1.21)^*	1.11 (1.06–1.16)^*	1.10 (1.06–1.15)^*	1.09 (1.05–1.14)^*
Negative Affect	1.15 (1.11–1.20)^*	1.06 (1.002–1.12)	1.05 (.99–1.11)	1.05 (.99–1.11)
Hostility	1.11 (1.07–1.16)^*	1.08 (1.04–1.13)^*	1.08 (1.03–1.13)^*	1.08 (1.03–1.12)^*
Anger In	1.00 (.96–1.04)	.96 (.92–1.01)	.96 (.92–1.01)	.97 (.92–1.01)
Anger Out	1.04 (1.00–1.08)	1.01 (.97–1.06)	1.01 (.97–1.05)	1.01 (.97–1.06)
Pessimism	1.20 (1.15–1.25)^*	1.16 (1.12–1.21)^*	1.16 (1.11–1.21)^*	1.15 (1.10–1.20)^*
Hopelessness	1.17 (1.13–1.22)^*	1.13 (1.08–1.17)^*	1.12 (1.08–1.17)^*	1.11 (1.06–1.16)^*
Perceived Constraints	1.16 (1.12–1.20)^*	1.11 (1.07–1.16)^*	1.11 (1.06–1.15)^*	1.10 (1.06–1.15)^*

Note. N=9,516. Incident CIND=2392. Coefficients are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) from Cox regression. Model 1 controls for demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, education). Model 2 controls for Model 1 covariates and depressive symptoms. Model 3 control for Model 2 covariates and history of a diagnosis of an emotional or mental disorder. Model 4 controls for Model 3 covariates and the clinical and behavioral risk factors.

p<.01.