Table 1.
Key Input Variables; Includes All Inputs With >30% Effect on the Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio for Any Population in 1-Way Sensitivity Analysis (Full Listing of Inputs in the Supplementary Data)
| Variables | Base Case (Range) | References |
| General inputs | ||
| Age of cohort, y | 30 (20–60) | Selected |
| Discount rate for costs and QALYs, % | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | [22] |
| Cost inputs | ||
| Monthly cost of tenofovir 300 mg daily, US$ | 798 (499–998) | [38] |
| Annual cost of managing HBeAg-, active CHB, noncirrhotic, US$ | 1293 (647–3880) | [50] |
| Annual cost of managing HBeAg+, active CHB, noncirrhotic, US$ | 1293 (647–3880) | [50] |
| Total cost per person of running the people who inject drugs screening program at syringe service programs, US$ | 97 (73–291) | [18, 51] |
| Intervention inputs | ||
| Discontinuation rate of treatment-naïve in year 2 with tenofovir, % | 0.035 (0.0175–0.0525) | [30] |
| Incarcerated persons accepting treatment with universal screening, % | 0.75 (0.5–1) | Assumption |
| Proportion of incarcerated accepting vaccination and getting first dose, % | 0.7 (0.4–1) | [52, 53] |
| Proportion of incarcerated getting second vaccination dose, % | 0.65 (0.49–0.81) | Assumption |
| Proportion of people who inject drugs getting second vaccination dose, % | 0.53 (0.4–0.67) | [51] |
| People who inject drugs linked to care after screening at syringe service programs, % | 0.086 (0.06–0.4) | [54] |
| People who inject drugs referred to care after screening at syringe service programs, % | 0.75 (0.56–0.95) | Assumption |
| Natural history inputs | ||
| Probability of going from HBeAg-, active CHB, noncirrhotic to HBeAg-, active CHB, cirrhotic, % | 0.046 (0.005–0.15) | [55, 56] |
| Probability of going from HBeAg-, active CHB, noncirrhotic to HBeAg-, inactive CHB, noncirrhotic, % | 0.016 (0–0.11) | [56] |
| Probability of going from HBeAg-, active CHB, cirrhotic to HBeAg-, inactive CHB, cirrhotic, % | 0.016 (0–0.11) | [56] |
| Probability of going from acute hepatitis, adult, asymptomatic to HBeAg+, active CHB, no cirrhosis, % | 0.05 (0.01–0.1) | [55, 57, 58] |
| Probability of going from acute hepatitis, adult, symptomatic to HBeAg+, active CHB, no cirrhosis, % | 0.05 (0.01–0.1) | [55, 57, 58] |
| AHB to CHB transition probability for people who inject drugs, % | 0.1 (0.05–0.15) | [27] |
| Prevalence/incidence inputs | ||
| Annual incidence for developing acute hepatitis B in incarcerated persons, % | 0.0231 (0.0082–0.038) | [52] |
| Prevalence of active CHB in incarcerated persons, % | 0.014 (0.003–0.031) | [8] |
| Susceptibility to HBV in incarcerated persons, % | 0.53 (0.4–0.66) | [52, 53] |
| Prevalence of active CHB in people who inject drugs (general population), % | 0.118 (0.035–0.2) | [10] |
| Proportion of susceptible people who inject drugs, % | 0.44 (0.33–0.55) | [51] |
| Utility inputs | ||
| Utility in immune state | 0.99 (0.98–1) | [55] |
| Utility in susceptible state | 0.99 (0.98–1) | [55] |
Abbreviations: AHB, acute hepatitis B; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen (+ or -); HBV, hepatitis B virus; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.