Table 3.
Biomarker | First Author (Year) | Results | |
---|---|---|---|
Comparisons Between Groups or Time Points | Relationship Between Biomarkers and psychological Health Outcomes | ||
Neuroendocrine function | |||
SAM axis activity | |||
CAT (EPI and NE) | Bevans (2016)a |
|
|
Cohen (2005)b |
|
— | |
sAA | Rohleder (2009)c |
|
— |
Salivary pH | Khalaila (2014)c |
|
|
HPA axis activity | |||
Cortisol | Bevans (2016)a,c |
|
|
Cohen (2005)a |
|
|
|
Lucini (2008)c |
|
— | |
Miller (2002)c,d |
|
— | |
Miller (2008)c |
|
— | |
Miller (2014)c |
|
— | |
Nightingale (2017)c |
|
|
|
Thomas (2012)c |
|
|
|
Immune function | |||
Cytokines | Bevans (2016)a |
|
|
Cohen (2005)a |
|
|
|
Miller (2002)a,d |
|
— | |
Miller (2008)a |
|
— | |
Rohleder (2009)a |
|
— | |
Sherwood (2016)a | — |
|
|
CRP | Miller (2008)a |
|
— |
Miller (2014) |
|
— | |
Rohleder (2009)a |
|
— | |
NK cell | Goodfellow (2003) a | — |
|
Lutz Stehl (2008)a,d | — |
|
Note. ↑ = increased; ↓ = decreased; (+) = positively associated; (−) = negatively associated; (ns) = not significantly different or associated; CA = cancer; CAR = cortisol awake response; CAT = catecholamine; CG = caregiver; CRP = C-reactive protein; EPI = epinephrine; HPA = hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; HSCT = hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; IL = interleukin; NC = noncaregiver; NE = norepinephrine; NK = natural killer; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; QOL = quality of life; ra = receptor antagonist; sAA = salivary α-amylase; SAM = sympathetic–adrenal–medullary; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.
aBiomarker of interest measured in serum. bBiomarker of interest measured in urine. cBiomarker of interest measured in saliva. dCaregivers for pediatric cancer patients.