Table 1.
Participants’ socio-demographic and migration-related characteristics by income levels of countries of origin
| LICs | MICs | HICs | All | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 204 (17.8%) | 654 (57.1%) | 288 (25.1%) | 1146 | ||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
| Gender | 0.021a | ||||
| Male | 166 (81.4) | 471 (72.0) | 220 (76.4) | 857 (74.8) | |
| Female | 38 (18.6) | 183 (28.0) | 68 (23.6) | 289 (25.2) | |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 29.2 ± 7.5 | 29.8 ± 8.8 | 36.1 ± 11.4 | 31.3 ± 9.7 | < 0.001bc |
| Education level | 0.030bc | ||||
| Junior high or below | 13 (6.4) | 41 (6.3) | 7 (2.4) | 61 (5.3) | |
| Senior high school | 31 (15.3) | 90 (13.8) | 35 (12.2) | 156 (13.6) | |
| College or above | 158 (78.2) | 522 (79.9) | 246 (85.4) | 926 (81.0) | |
| Current marital status | 0.012c | ||||
| Married | 68 (33.3) | 265 (40.6) | 125 (43.4) | 458 (40.0) | |
| Cohabitation | 15 (7.4) | 41 (6.3) | 31 (10.8) | 87 (7.6) | |
| Single | 121 (59.3) | 347 (53.1) | 132 (45.8) | 600 (52.4) | |
| Currently has a job in China | < 0.001bc | ||||
| No | 101 (49.5) | 271 (41.4) | 83 (28.8) | 455 (39.7) | |
| Yes | 103 (50.5) | 383 (58.6) | 205 (71.2) | 691 (60.3) | |
| Migration-related characteristics | |||||
| Visa type | < 0.001abc | ||||
| Tourist visa | 20 (9.8) | 100 (15.4) | 48 (16.9) | 168 (14.7) | |
| Business visa | 58 (28.4) | 158 (24.3) | 54 (19.0) | 270 (23.7) | |
| Work visa | 17 (8.3) | 161 (24.7) | 98 (34.5) | 276 (24.2) | |
| Student visa | 96 (47.1) | 167 (25.7) | 38 (13.4) | 301 (26.4) | |
| Others | 13 (6.4) | 65 (10.0) | 46 (16.2) | 124 (10.9) | |
| Number of years since the first visit to China | < 0.001abc | ||||
| > 10 years | 16 (8.0) | 110 (16.9) | 68 (24.1) | 194 (17.1) | |
| 6–10 years | 40 (20.1) | 143 (21.9) | 82 (29.1) | 265 (23.4) | |
| < 6 years | 143 (71.9) | 399 (61.2) | 132 (46.8) | 674 (59.5) | |
| Number of visits to China | < 0.001abc | ||||
| Once | 77 (37.9) | 162 (24.8) | 48 (16.7) | 287 (25.1) | |
| 2–5 times | 68 (33.5) | 218 (33.4) | 91 (31.6) | 377 (33.0) | |
| 6–10 times | 24 (11.8) | 84 (12.9) | 38 (13.2) | 146 (12.8) | |
| > 10 times | 34 (16.7) | 189 (28.9) | 111 (38.5) | 334 (29.2) | |
| Number of cumulative months of stay in China | < 0.001ac | ||||
| 0–6 | 97 (50.0) | 440 (69.3) | 180 (64.7) | 717 (64.8) | |
| 7–12 | 20 (10.3) | 66 (10.4) | 27 (9.7) | 113 (10.2) | |
| 13–60 | 52 (26.8) | 77 (12.1) | 41 (14.7) | 170 (15.4) | |
| 61≤ | 25 (12.9) | 52 (8.2) | 30 (10.8) | 107 (9.7) | |
aDifferences between participants from LICs and those from MICs were statistically significant
bDifferences between participants from MICs and those from HICs were statistically significant
cDifferences between participants from LICs and those from HICs were statistically significant