Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Bipolar disorder (n = 39) | Control (n = 58) | Bipolar disorder vs. control | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 17 (44) | 22 (38) | χ2 = 0.31, df = 1, P = 0.58, Cramer's V = 0.06 |
| Age, years: | 40.3 ± 9.2 | 43.1 ± 12.9 | t = 1.23, df = 94.6, P = 0.22, d = 0.24 |
| Education, years | 15.3 ± 3.3 | 15.2 ± 2.7 | t = −0.14, df = 95, P = 0.89, d = 0.03 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 23.9 ± 4.7 | 22.4 ± 3.8 | t = −1.71, df = 69.9, P = 0.09, d = 0.36 |
| HAM-D 17 total score | 10.3 ± 7.0 | N.A. | |
| Young Mania Rating Scale | 2.1 ± 3.5 | N.A. | |
| Age at onset, years | 28.2 ± 9.4 | N.A. | |
| Medication n (%) mg/day | |||
| Antipsychotic#n = 13 (33%) | 182.9 ± 179.9 | N.A | |
| Antidepressant##n = 12 (31%) | 204.3 ± 125.8 | N.A | |
| Lithium n = 16 (41%) | 418.8 ± 240.1 | N.A | |
| Sodium Valproate n = 8 (21%) | 725.0 ± 399.1 | N.A | |
| Lamotrigine n = 13 (33%) | 186.5 ± 123.2 | N.A | |
| Carbamazepine n = 4 (10%) | 325.0 ± 221.7 | N.A |
Values are mean ± standard deviation.
N.A, not applicable; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
#:
Chlorpromazine equivalent dose in patients with antipsychotic medication (Bipolar disorder, n = 13).
##
: Imipramine equivalent dose in patients with antidepressant medication (Bipolar disorder, n = 12).
Drug free, n = 3.