Figure 2.

Task design. (a) Block design in the no attentional instruction (NI), internal focus (IF), and external focus (EF) conditions. Under the NI condition, the participants repeatedly performed the Tracking task in each task block. Under the IF and EF conditions, the participants alternately performed the Tracking‐and‐Counting task and the Counting task. Participants were instructed to direct their attention internally or externally on IF and EF conditions, respectively. During successive blocks, the rotation angle determining the relationship between actual hand movement and hand cursor movement increased progressively. In the final washout block set, the rotation angle was returned to 0°, and the after‐effect measured as a degree of motor learning. (b) The time sequence of one block set. In both the Tracking and the Tracking‐and‐Counting tasks, participants were required to track a target cursor with a hand cursor providing feedback