Table 1:
Demographic and Descriptive Data by Smoking Status
| Variables | Total Population |
Never Smokers (NS) |
Current or Past- Smokers (S) |
P Value (comparing NS to S) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 252 | 111 | 137 | |
| Female Sex (%) | 114 (45) | 61 (55) | 49 (36) | 0.003 |
| Mean Age (y) (Range) | 67 (39–90) | 69 (44–90) | 66 (39–87) | 0.013† |
| Mean BMI (Range) | 27.0 (14.9–51.4) | 27.1 (14.9–43.7) | 27.6 (17.7–51.4) | 0.871† |
| <18 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 18–25 | 97 | 47 | 50 | |
| 25–30 | 76 | 32 | 44 | |
| >30 | 63 | 29 | 34 | |
| ASA (II /III/IV) (%) | 33/183/29 (13.1/72.6/11.5) |
19/82/8 (17.1/73.9/7.2) |
14/101/21 (10.2/73.7/15.3) |
0.059 |
| Albumin <3.5 (%) | 107 (42.5) | 54 (48.6) | 53 (38.7) | 0.156† |
| Comorbidity >1 (%) | 150 (59.5) | 60 (54.1) | 90 (65.7) | 0.068 |
| CAD (%) | 33 (13.1) | 7 (6.3) | 26 (19.0) | 0.004 |
| DM (%) | 80 (31.7) | 40 (36.0) | 40 (29.2) | 0.276 |
| Jaundice (%) | 108 (42.9) | 47 (42.3) | 61 (44.5) | 0.797 |
| Hx of Abd Surgery (%) | 85 (33.7) | 40 (36.0) | 45 (32.8) | 0.614 |
| Neoadjuvant (%) | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 41 (16.3) | 17 (15.3) | 24 (17.5) | 0.732 |
| Radiation Therapy | 17 (6.7) | 6 (5.4) | 11 (8.0) | 0.460 |
†
= p-value for Students T-Test, BMI = body mass index (kg/m2), ASA = American Society of Anesthesiology classification, CAD = coronary artery disease, DM = diabetes mellitus, Hx of abd surgery= history of abdominal surgery