Table 3:
Postoperative Outcomes by Smoking Status
| Variables | Total Population |
Never Smokers (NS) |
Current or Past- Smokers (S) |
P Value (comparing NS to S) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg EBL (mL) (Range) | 856 (75–10000) | 784 (100–8000) | 923 (75–10000) | 0.363† |
| Margin (R0/R1) (%) | 192/60 (76.2/23.8) |
89/22 (80.2/19.8) | 102/35 (74.4/25.5) |
0.363 |
| Official Pathology (%) | 0.651 | |||
| PDAC | 191 (75.8) | 82 (73.9) | 105 (76.6) | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 13 (5.2) | 6 (5.4) | 7 (5.1) | |
| Peri-ampullary | 48 (19.0) | 20 (18) | 28 (20.4) | |
| T stage (0/1/2/3/4) (%) | 2/28/36/178/8 (1/11/14/71/3) |
1/13/15/78/4 (1/12/13/70/4) |
1/15/20/97/4 (1/11/14/71/3) |
0.995 |
| N stage (0/1) (%) | 107/145 (42.5/57.5) |
49/62 (44.1/55.9) |
57/80 (41.6/58.4) |
0.701 |
| DGE (%) | 140 (55.6) | 63 (56.8) | 77 (56.2) | 1.00 |
| POPF (%) | 57 (22.6) | 18 (16.2) | 39 (28.5) | 0.024 |
| A | 19 (7.5) | 5 (4.5) | 14 (10.2) | |
| B | 29 (11.5) | 11 (9.9) | 18 (13.1) | 0.155 B+C |
| C | 9 (3.6) | 2 (1.8) | 7 (5.1) | |
| Clavien-Dindo (%) | 0.156 | |||
| 0 | 66 (26.2) | 34 (30.6) | 32 (23.4) | |
| I | 57 (22.6) | 23 (20.7) | 34 (24.8) | |
| II | 77 (30.6) | 37 (33.3) | 39 (28.5) | |
| III A/B | 17/9 (6.7/3.6) | 5/2 (4.5/1.8) | 12/7 (8.8/5.1) | |
| IV A/B | 6/5 (2.4/2.0) | 3/0 (2.7/0.0) | 3/5 (2.2/3.6) | |
| V | 15 (6.0) | 7 (6.3) | 5 (3.6) | |
| Infectious (%) | 87 (34.5) | 38 (34.2) | 49 (35.8) | 0.894 |
| Pneumonia (%) | 19 (7.5) | 5 (4.5) | 14 (10.2) | 0.148 |
| UTI (%) | 27 (10.7) | 13 (11.7) | 14 (10.2) | 0.838 |
| Intra-abd Abscess (%) | 19 (7.5) | 6 (5.4) | 13 (9.5) | 0.337 |
| Cardiac Complication | 39 (15.5) | 12 (10.8) | 24 (17.5) | 0.136 |
| Bacter-/fungemia (%) | 12 (4.8) | 3 (2.7) | 9 (6.6) | 0.235 |
| Avg LOS (days) (range) | 13 (0–69) | 12 (4–69) | 13 (0–68) | 0.343† |
| Disposition (%) | 0.535 | |||
| Home | 206 (81.7) | 92 (82.9) | 113 (82.5) | |
| SNF/LTAC | 6/10 (2.4/4.0) | 3/2 (2.7/1.8) | 3/8 (2.2/5.8) | |
| Rehab | 14 (5.6) | 7 (6.3) | 7 (5.1) | |
| 30-day Re-adm (%) | 57 (22.6) | 28 (25.2) | 29 (21.2) | 0.453 |
| 30-day Mortality (%) | 19 (7.5) | 11 (9.9) | 5 (3.6) | 0.046 |
| 90-day Mortality (%) | 32 (12.7) | 15 (13.5) | 14 (10.2) | 0.422 |
†
= p-value for Students T-Test, Avg EBL = average estimated blood loss, R0 = no residual tumor, R1 = microscopic residual tumor, DGE = delayed gastric emptying, POPF = postoperative pancreatic fistula, UTI = urinary tract infection, SNF = skilled nursing facility, LTAC = long-term acute care hospital, Re-adm = re-admission, Avg LOS = Average length of stay, PDAC = pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma