Table 2.
Univariate Analyses for OS, DSS, DFS, and EHRFS of 99 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| OS | DSS | DFS | EHRFS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
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| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Female sex | 1.067 (0.293–3.882) | NS | 1.350 (0.262–6.959) | NS | 0.959 (0.438–2.100) | NS | 0.925 (0.260–3.295) | NS |
| Age >60 yr | 0.745 (0.250–2.225) | NS | 0.441 (0.089–2.184) | NS | 0.908 (0.474–1.742) | NS | 0.674 (0.230–1.974) | NS |
| Etiology (non-viral) | 2.204 (0.606–8.018) | NS | 1.160 (0.140–9.641) | NS | 0.346 (0.083–1.441) | NS | 0.564 (0.074–4.320) | NS |
| Cirrhosis (present) | 1.149 (0.402–3.281) | NS | 1.081 (0.270–4.336) | NS | 1.738 (0.906–3.333) | 0.096 | 0.936 (0.339–2.581) | NS |
| Serum AFP >400 IU/mL | 2.766 (0.952–8.035) | 0.061 | 4.042 (0.993–16.463) | 0.051 | 1.658 (0.820–3.352) | NS | 2.047 (0.695–6.026) | NS |
| Serum PIVKA-II >400 AU/mL | 2.793 (0.976–7.990) | 0.056 | 4.831 (1.147–20.351) | 0.032* | 2.509 (1.313–4.794) | 0.005* | 7.210 (2.419–21.494) | <0.001* |
| Tumor size >5 cm | 3.853 (1.347–11.021) | 0.012* | 3.546 (0.883–14.240) | 0.074 | 1.731 (0.838–3.576) | NS | 7.611 (2.686–21.571) | <0.001* |
| Tumor multiplicity (present) | 0.046 (0.000–4,090.202) | NS | 0.046 (0.000–103,739.451) | NS | 2.012 (0.616–6.575) | NS | 1.375 (0.180–10.525) | NS |
| E-S grade (III–IV) | 1.040 (0.290–3.735) | NS | 1.198 (0.241–5.953) | NS | 1.056 (0.484–2.305) | NS | 1.474 (0.469–4.633) | NS |
| Tumor necrosis (present) | 1.874 (0.623–5.635) | NS | 2.049 (0.480–8.739) | NS | 1.381 (0.685–2.785) | NS | 2.170 (0.771–6.107) | NS |
| Capsule formation (present) | 0.807 (0.252–2.583) | NS | 0.675 (0.135–3.374) | NS | 0.849 (0.428–1.685) | NS | 0.718 (0.228–2.257) | NS |
| Microvascular invasion (present) | 2.124 (0.592–7.624) | NS | 3.897 (0.479–31.742) | NS | 2.647 (1.212–5.780) | 0.015* | 8.892 (1.168–67.672) | 0.035* |
| Portal vein invasion (present) | 2.990 (0.936–9.554) | 0.065 | 7.354 (1.831–29.528) | 0.005* | 3.562 (1.670–7.597) | 0.001* | 7.106 (2.453–20.586) | <0.001* |
| Stage by AJCC (II–III) | 2.313 (0.645–8.298) | NS | 4.257 (0.524–34.611) | NS | 2.884 (1.320–6.301) | 0.008* | 9.533 (1.253–72.538) | 0.029* |
| Fibrous stroma ≥5% | 0.908 (0.314–2.620) | NS | 3.533 (0.711–17.544) | NS | 0.760 (0.396–1.457) | NS | 1.067 (0.386–2.950) | NS |
| K19 expression (positive) | 0.950 (0.212–4.254) | NS | 0.867 (0.106–7.066) | NS | 1.055 (0.439–2.533) | NS | 0.910 (0.205–4.044) | NS |
| EpCAM expression (positive) | 1.200 (0.416–3.461) | NS | 1.544 (0.386–6.178) | NS | 1.117 (0.582–2.144) | NS | 0.850 (0.290–2.487) | NS |
| Stromal IL-6 expression (histoscore ≥25) | 2.415 (0.842–6.925) | NS | 7.043 (1.411–35.157) | 0.017* | 2.065 (1.083–3.936) | 0.028* | 1.336 (0.456–3.916) | NS |
| CAIX expression (positive) | 1.920 (0.658–5.602) | NS | 2.616 (0.631–10.840) | NS | 1.661 (0.865–3.188) | NS | 2.077 (0.752–5.731) | NS |
| LOXL2 expression (positive) | 6.433 (2.221–18.632) | 0.001* | 13.317 (3.160–56.117) | <0.001* | 1.969 (0.865–4.482) | NS | 3.032 (0.960–9.576) | 0.059 |
| LOXL2 and CAIX co-expression (positive) | 9.423 (3.044–29.170) | <0.001* | 18.259 (4.010–83.138) | <0.001* | 3.555 (1.480–8.543) | 0.005* | 6.160 (1.935–19.617) | 0.002* |
OS, overall survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; DFS, disease-free survival; EHRFS, extrahepatic recurrence-free survival; NS, not significant; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II, prothrombin vitamin K absence-II; E-S grade, Edmonson-Steiner grade; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; K19, keratin 19; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; IL-6, interleukin-6; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; LOXL2, lysyl oxidase-like 2.
*
p<0.05.