Dynamics of the FHN model for representative parameter values. A1 and B1: voltage traces. A2 and B2: phase planes. A3 and A4 and B3 and B4: v-speed graphs. a = 3, h = 2.5, T = 91.5, DC = 0.24 (A). a = 3.2, h = 2, T = 118.3, DC = 0.25 (B). Other parameter values include the following: α = 4, λ = 0.1, and ε = 0.01.