Table 1. Baseline characteristics and of study subjects.
| Variables | Global n = 2478 | Males n = 1520 (61.3%) | Females n = 958(38.7%) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyle factors (median IR o number and %) | ||||
| Age (years) | 62 (56–67) | 62 (55–68) | 62 (57–67) | 0.252 |
| Smoking | 248 (37.7) | 195 (29.8) | 214 (32.5) | <0.001 |
| Total physical activity (MET) | 1800 (750–3293) | 2064 (917–3836) | 600 (750–2514) | 0.011 |
| Anthropometric measures (median IR) | ||||
| Height (m) | 1.65 (1.57–1.71) | 1.70 (1.65–1.74) | 1.56 (1.52–1.60) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.2 (69.9–88.0) | 82.0 (74.8–91.0) | 70.8 (62.2–81.0) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 100 (97–107) | 102 (96–108) | 100 (97–107) | <0.001 |
| Adiposity index (median IR) | ||||
| CUN-BAE (%) | 35.8 (34.4–41.4) | 30.8(28.3–33.8) | 42.8(39.4–46.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 (26.3–31.7) | 28.3 (26.3–33.8) | 28.7 (26.3–31.7) | <0.001 |
| WHtR (cm/cm) | 0.61 (0.57–0.66) | 0.60 (0.57–0.64) | 0.62 (0.57–0.67) | <0.001 |
| BRI | 5.6 (4.7–6.7) | 5.5 (4.7–6.4) | 5.9 (4.7–7.2) | <0.001 |
| ABSI | 0.083 (0.080–0.086) | 0.084 (0.082–0.086) | 0.082 (0.079–0.086) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors (median IR) | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 136 (125–147) | 137 (127–146) | 133 (122–145) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84 (78–91) | 85 (79–92) | 82 (76–89) | <0.001 |
| Total-Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 224 (198–250) | 220 (193–245) | 232 (205–260) | <0.001 |
| LDL- Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 140 (116–163) | 138 (115–161) | 142 (117–167) | 0.010 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48 (41–56) | 46 (40–54) | 50 (44–58) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 124 (124–174) | 126 (191–179) | 121 (92–166) | 0.026 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 98 (88–115) | 98 (88–114) | 97 (87–117) | 0.451 |
| HA1c (%) | 5.8 (5.4–6.3) | 5.7 (5.4–6.3) | 5.8 (5.5–6.5) | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, number and %) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1798 (72.6) | 1169 (76.9) | 629 (65.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 843 (34.0) | 491 (32.3) | 352 (37.7) | 0.013 |
| MetS | 1120 (45.2) | 647 (42.6) | 473 (49.4) | 0.001 |
| High BMI | 907 (36.6) | 512 (33.7) | 395 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| High WC | 1559 (62.9) | 800 (52.6) | 759 (79.2) | <0.001 |
| High WHtR | 2396 (96.7) | 1478 (97.2) | 918 (95.8) | 0.037 |
| High CUN-BAE | 2312 (93.3) | 1404 (92.4) | 908 (94.8) | 0.011 |
| Sedentary | 1097 (44.3) | 576 (37.9) | 521 (54.4) | <0.001 |
| Drug treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 1275 (51.5) | 765 (50.3) | 510 (53.2) | 0.086 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 514 (20.7) | 288 (18.9) | 226 (23.6) | 0.003 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 672 (27.1) | 385 (25.3) | 287 (30.0) | 0.007 |
Continuous variables were presented as medians (interquartile ranges) for the skewed variables. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and proportions.
We consider High BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; High WC: WC ≥ 88 cm in females and ≥ 102 cm in males; High WHtR: ≥ 0.604 cm/cm in females and ≥ 0.617 cm/cm in males; High CUN-BAE ≥ 35 in females and ≥ 30 in males.
Abbreviations: IR, interquartile range. MET, basal metabolic rate. BMI, body mass index. WC, Waist circumference. CUN-BAE, Clínica Universidad de Navarra—Body Adiposity Estimator. WHtR, waist-to-height ratio. BRI, body roundness index. ABSI, a body shape index. SBP, systolic blood pressure. DBP, diastolic blood pressure. LDL, low density lipoprotein. HDL, high density lipoprotein. FPG, fasting plasma glucose. HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin. MetS, Metabolic syndrome. CVD RF, cardiovascular risk factors
p value differences between males and females.