Table 3. Unadjusted, and age- and sex-adjusted Odd Ratios and 95% confidence intervals for gout.
| Variable | N | OR (95% CI) | P-value | N | AOR (95% CI)1 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age per 5 year increase | 471 | 1.11 (1.02–1.2) | 0.012 | 469 | 1.11 (1.02–1.2) | 0.013 |
| Male vs Female | 469 | 1.86 (1.11–3.13) | 0.019 | 469 | 1.85 (1.09–3.12) | 0.022 |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | 469 | 1.15 (0.65–2.03) | 0.634 | 467 | 0.95 (0.52–1.71) | 0.851 |
| Hypertension | 469 | 1.26 (0.68–2.37) | 0.463 | 467 | 1.14 (0.6–2.16) | 0.682 |
| Cancer | 469 | 1.14 (0.46–2.87) | 0.777 | 467 | 0.89 (0.35–2.29) | 0.813 |
| Heart failure | 468 | 0.79 (0.23–2.75) | 0.716 | 466 | 0.66 (0.19–2.32) | 0.519 |
| Thyroid disease | 469 | 0.70 (0.29–1.72) | 0.441 | 467 | 0.67 (0.27–1.67) | 0.388 |
| Stroke or Transient ischaemic attack | 469 | 0.23 (0.03–1.75) | 0.157 | 467 | 0.21 (0.03–1.57) | 0.127 |
| Chronic obstructive airways disease | 469 | 1.14 (0.37–3.46) | 0.819 | 467 | 1.07 (0.35–3.3) | 0.910 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 469 | 0.95 (0.38–2.36) | 0.913 | 467 | 0.69 (0.27–1.75) | 0.438 |
| Coronary heart disease | 468 | 2.61 (1.47–4.63) | 0.001 | 466 | 1.94 (1.05–3.58) | 0.034 |
| Obesity | 469 | 1.42 (0.56–3.63) | 0.462 | 467 | 1.21 (0.47–3.13) | 0.694 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 468 | 1.01 (0.58–1.75) | 0.977 | 466 | 0.90 (0.52–1.58) | 0.725 |
| Depression | 469 | 0.88 (0.3–2.62) | 0.817 | 467 | 0.80 (0.26–2.42) | 0.690 |
| Arthritis | 469 | 1.02 (0.38–2.75) | 0.970 | 467 | 0.97 (0.35–2.68) | 0.960 |
| Osteoporosis | 469 | 0.92 (0.41–2.03) | 0.831 | 467 | 0.95 (0.42–2.12) | 0.892 |
| Laboratory Variables | ||||||
| eGFR per 5 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease | 419 | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 0.001 | 419 | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 0.005 |
| Haemoglobin per 1 g/dL increase | 413 | 0.96 (0.83–1.1) | 0.530 | 411 | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | 0.838 |
| Ferritin per 1 ng/L increase | 151 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.450 | 151 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.520 |
| TSAT ratio per 1% increase | 121 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 0.167 | 121 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.271 |
| Folate per 1 nmol/L increase | 92 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.631 | 92 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.499 |
| Vitamin B12 per 1 nmol/L increase | 114 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.796 | 114 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.892 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 373 | 0.56 (0.1–3.04) | 0.504 | 371 | 0.83 (0.14–4.73) | 0.830 |
| Serum Albumin per 1 g/L decrease | 327 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.002 | 325 | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 0.001 |
| Phosphate per 1 mmol/L increase | 346 | 2.57 (0.97–6.83) | 0.059 | 344 | 2.43 (0.87–6.81) | 0.091 |
| PTH per 50 pg/mL increase | 157 | 1.34 (1.15–1.57) | <0.001 | 156 | 1.33 (1.14–1.56) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol per 1 mmol/L increase | 181 | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.652 | 180 | 1.01 (0.69–1.47) | 0.976 |
| LDL cholesterol per 1 mmol/L increase | 118 | 0.55 (0.27–1.15) | 0.112 | 117 | 0.55 (0.26–1.15) | 0.114 |
| HDL cholesterol per 1mmol/L increase | 120 | 0.63 (0.17–2.38) | 0.495 | 119 | 0.65 (0.16–2.66) | 0.545 |
| Triglycerides per 1 mmol/L increase | 179 | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.888 | 178 | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.837 |
| HbA1c per 1 mmol/mol increase | 75 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.993 | 75 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.961 |
| log2(PCR) | 125 | 1.43 (1.08–1.9) | 0.012 | 124 | 1.45 (1.09–1.93) | 0.011 |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACE-I | 471 | 0.90 (0.50–1.61) | 0.722 | 469 | 0.87 (0.48–1.6) | 0.665 |
| ARB | 471 | 1.01 (0.54–1.87) | 0.976 | 469 | 1.19 (0.63–2.25) | 0.594 |
| Aspirin | 471 | 1.29 (0.78–2.12) | 0.318 | 469 | 0.94 (0.55–1.61) | 0.829 |
| Beta Blocker | 471 | 2.04 (1.24–3.36) | 0.005 | 469 | 1.81 (1.08–3.02) | 0.023 |
| Calcium blocker | 471 | 0.78 (0.45–1.34) | 0.372 | 469 | 0.72 (0.41–1.25) | 0.243 |
| Diuretic | 471 | 2.99 (1.80–4.97) | <0.001 | 469 | 2.72 (1.61–4.60) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 471 | 0.90 (0.54–1.51) | 0.699 | 469 | 0.76 (0.45–1.29) | 0.306 |
LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker: NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI).
1AOR: adjusted for age and sex only