Protocol 1: Transplantation of MNCs and RACs. Cells were injected at various timings (day 1 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (PBS: n = 13, MNCs: n = 12, RACs: n = 13); day 3 (PBS: n = 8, MNCs: n = 8, RACs: n = 7) after MCAO; day 5 (each group: n = 5) after MCAO; day 7 (each group: n = 5) after MCAO). At day 21 after MCAO, brains were excised and infarct volumes were determined. Protocol 2: Based on the results of Protocol 1, day 1 after MCAO was selected as the best timing for transplantation of MNCs and RACs. Brains were excised and evaluated at day 7 (each group: n = 9) and day 21 (PBS: n = 8, MNCs: n = 7, RACs: n = 9) after MCAO.