Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants with and without Parkinson’s disease (PD).
| PD (N = 31) |
nonPD (N = 13) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (N, %) | 0.60 | ||
| Male | 17, 55% | 6, 46% | |
| Female | 14, 45% | 7, 54% | |
| Age, y, mean±SD | 67.6 ± 8.8 | 64.5 ± 8.8 | 0.28 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean±SD | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 26.0 ± 3.8 | 0.76 |
| Behavioral balance measures | |||
| BBS (0–56), mean±SD | 52.2 ± 4.4 | 55.1 ± 1.3 | <0.01* |
| FAB (0–40), mean±SD | 29.2 ± 5.7 | 33.1 ± 3.1 | <0.01* |
| DGI (0–24), mean±SDa | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 22.5 ± 1.3 | <0.01* |
| Balance Confidence, ABC (0–100%), mean±SDb | 86.1±11.7 | 96.6±3.1 | <0.01* |
| Fall History | 0.03* | ||
| 0 falls in previous 12 months, (N, %) | 13, 42% | 10, 77% | |
| ≥1 fall in previous 12 months, (N, %) | 18, 58% | 3, 23% | |
| PD clinical features | |||
| PD duration, y, mean±SD | 7.5 ± 5.9 | - | |
| UPDRS-III (0–108), mean±SD | 31.7 ± 9.5 | - | |
| UPDRS items, mean±SD | - | ||
| Leg rigidity (III.22, 0–8) | 1.9 ± 2.0 | - | |
| Posture (III.28, 0–4) | 1.0 ± 1.0 | - | |
| Gait (III.29, 0–4) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | - | |
| Postural stability (III.30, 0–4) | 0.8 ± 0.7 | - | |
| Modified Hoehn & Yahr Stage, (N, %) | - | ||
| 1 | 1, 3% | - | |
| 1.5 | 5, 16% | - | |
| 2 | 13, 42% | - | |
| 2.5 | 4, 13% | - | |
| 3 | 8, 26% | - | |
| PD phenotype, (N, %) | - | ||
| Postural Instability and Gait Disability (PIGD) | 19, 61% | - | |
| Indeterminate (ID) | 3, 10% | - | |
| Tremor-Dominant (TD) | 9, 29% | - | |
| Freezing of Gait, (N, %)a | - | ||
| Freezer | 14, 45% | - | |
| Non-freezer | 15, 48% | - |
Abbreviations: BBS, Berg Balance Scale; FAB, Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale; DGI, Dynamic Gait Index; ABC, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale.
aPD N = 29.
bPD N = 28, nonPD N = 12.
*P<0.05.