Table 1:

List of model compounds used and their mechanism of toxicity

Model compounds	Concentration used (μM)	Compound type	Known mechanism of toxicity	References
Acetaminophen	8 – 2,124	Analgesic and antipyretic drug	AP, BA, OS	(Park, Williams, Naisbitt, Kitteringham, & Pirmohamed, 2005; Wang, Shindoh, Inoue, & Horii, 2002)
Lovastatin	2 – 472	Hypolipidemic drug	AP, DD, MI	(Kallas-Kivi, Trei, & Maimets, 2016; Niknejad et al., 2014; Walther et al., 2016; Wei et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2015)
Rotenone	0.12 – 30	Pesticide, insecticide, and piscicide	AP, MI, OS	(Cabezas et al., 2012; Isenberg & Klaunig, 2000; Moon et al., 2005)
Tamoxifen	0.48 – 118	Hormonal drug for breast cancer	AP, MI, OS	(Lee et al., 2000; Tabassum et al., 2006; Tolosa et al., 2012, 2015)
Menadione	0.7 – 117	Vitamin K precursor	MI, OS	(Akiyoshi et al., 2009; De Assis et al., 2015; Tolosa et al., 2012; Woods, Young, Gilmore, Morris, & Bilton, 1997)
Sodium Citrate	5.6 – 1,417	Intermediate in the Krebs cycle	Nontoxic control	(Tolosa et al., 2012)

Apoptosis (AP), bioactivation (BA), DNA damage (DD), mitochondrial impairment (MI), and oxidative stress (OS).