Fig. 1.

The multilevel approach to linking households and landscape characteristics. Households have individual access to homestead areas (A, B, and C: level 1) and agricultural fields (A1–A3; B1–B3, C1–C3: level 2) surrounding the homestead. These levels should be linked to a single household. Households will also make use of common pool resources (level 3) around the village, which can be linked to multiple households. The wider regional level (level 4) considers infrastructure access. X, Y, and Z indicate fields that are adjacent to multiple households or no households, which would be split using our current method.