Table 5.
Risk factors of blood stream infections among children in North-western Tanzania
| Variable | BSIs (n, %) | Univariate OR (95%CI) | p-value | Multivariate OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | NDH & SDDH (218) | 18 (8.3) | 1 | |||
| SRRH (218) | 14 (6.4) | 0.76 (0.37–1.57) | 0.464 | 0.90 (0.43–1.90) | 0.917 | |
| BMC (514) | 103 (20.0) | 2.78 (1.64–4.72) | < 0.001 | 2.01 (1.08–3.74) | 0.028 | |
| Sex | Boys (558) | 80 (14.3) | 1 | |||
| Girls (392) | 55 (14.0) | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) | 0.894 | |||
| Age category | 13–60 months (395) | 35 (8.9) | 1 | |||
| 2–12 months (209) | 12 (5.7) | 0.63 (0.32–1.23) | 0.177 | 0.59 (0.30–1.17) | 0.128 | |
| ≤1 month (346) | 88 (25.4) | 3.51 (2.30–5.36) | < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.07–3.48) | 0.030 | |
| Weight (kg) | Normal (539) | 85 (15.8) | 1 | |||
| Underweight (373) | 49 (13.1) | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) | 0.270 | |||
| Overweight (38) | 1 (2.6) | 0.14 (0.02–1.07) | 0.058 | |||
| Residence | Rural (315) | 39 (12.4) | 1 | |||
| Urban (635) | 96 (15.1) | 1.26 (0.85–1.88) | 0.256 | |||
| Mwanza city | No (313) | 41 (13.1) | 1 | |||
| Yes (637) | 94 (14.8) | 1.15 (0.78–1.71) | 0.492 | |||
| Current antibiotic use | No (545) | 66 (12.1) | 1 | |||
| Yes (405) | 69 (17.0) | 1.49 (1.03–2.15) | 0.032 | 1.42 (0.97–2.08) | 0.069 | |
| Previous admission* | No (525) | 39 (7.4) | 1 | |||
| Yes (79) | 8 (10.1) | 1.40 (0.63–3.13) | 0.406 | |||
| Intravenous line | No (254) | 27 (10.6) | 1 | |||
| Yes (696) | 108 (15.5) | 1.54 (0.99–2.42) | 0.058 | |||
| Urinary catheter | No (930) | 132 (14.2) | 1 | |||
| Yes (20) | 3 (15.0) | 1.07 (0.31–3.69) | 0.919 | |||
| Co-morbidities** | No (558) | 85 (15.2) | 1 | |||
| Yes (392) | 50 (12.8) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 0.282 | |||
| Prematurity | No (900) | 121 (13.4) | 1 | |||
| Yes (50) | 14 (28.0) | 2.50 (1.31–4.78) | 0.005 | 1.15 (0.58–2.25) | 0.691 | |
| Malnutrition | No (825) | 126 (15.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes (125) | 9 (7.2) | 0.43 (0.21–0.87) | 0.019 | 0.52 (0.22–1.20) | 0.126 | |
| HIV | Negative (913) | 129 (14.1) | 1 | |||
| Positive (37) | 6 (16.2) | 1.18 (0.48–2.88) | 0.722 | |||
| SCD | No (921) | 132 (14.3) | 1 | |||
| Yes (29) | 3 (10.3) | 0.69 (0.21–2.31) | 0.547 |
BMC Bugando Medical Center, SRRH Sekou Toure Regional Referral Hospital, NDH Nyamagana District Hospital, SDDH Sengerema District Designated Hospital:* In the past three months (excluding current admission); **Malnutrition (n = 105), Respiratory tract infections (n = 86), Prematurity (n = 50), Congenital anomalies (n = 36: congenital heart diseases, neural tube defects, hydrocephalus and others), Anemia (n = 31), SCD: Sickle cell disease (n = 26),HIV (n = 19), Skin and soft tissue infections (n = 8); Necrotising enterocolitis (n = 3); Amoebiasis (n = 2); Burn injury (n = 2); Rheumatic heart diseases (n = 2); Cerebral malaria (n = 1); Spinal injury (n = 1); Malnutrition and HIV (n = 17); Malnutrition and sickle cell disease (n = 3); Premature and HIV (n = 1)