Table 3.
Changes in the outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention
| CHARACTERISTICS | PL (n = 16) |
CC (n = 15) |
FO (n = 17) |
CC-FO (n = 16) |
P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic control parameters | |||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (%) | −0.6 ± 1.3 | −1.9 ± 2.2 | −0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.6 | 0.851 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1.7 ± 0.6* | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.8* | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.765 |
| Fructosamine (umol/L) | 2.2 (14.7) | 0.8 (13.3) | 2.7 (9.1) | 1.7 (10.6) | 0.776 |
| lipid parameters (%) | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0 (3.7) | 1.92 (14.4) | 0 (10.8) | 2.7 (19.2) | 0.767 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | −2.7 (10.2) | −1.6 (25.1) | 3.0 (17.9) | 6.5 (29.7) | 0.120 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0 (15.3) | 0 (15.8) | 6.3 (12.5) | 0 (19.0) | 0.333 |
| Total: HDL-C | 3.3 (12.4) | −5.2 (9.7) | −2.6 (16.5) | 2.6 (12.2) | 0.180 |
| Inflammation and blood cell count | |||||
| CRP (mg/L) | −0.3 (1.2) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (1.4) | 0 (0.9) | 0.080 |
| White blood cells (109/L) | 0.2 (1.1) | −0.7 (1.3)* | −0.4 (0.8)* | − 0.4 (1.2) | 0.339 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 0.2 (0.8) | −0.1 (0.8) | −0.5 (0.9) | − 0.3 (1.1) | 0.070 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 0.04 ± 0.1 | −0.3 ± 0.1* | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.024 |
| Monocytes (109/L) | −0.01 ± 0.0 | −0.1 ± 0.0** | 0.0 ± 0.0 | −0.01 ± 0.0 | 0.290 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 3 (27) | 2 (19) | 2 (29) | −10 (24) | 0.618 |
Data presented as mean ± SEM or median (IQR) as appropriate. Significant change from baseline, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 represents the significant differences from the baseline with-in treatment groups. PL placebo, CC curcumin, FO fish oil, CC-FO curcumin + fish oil, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LDL-C LDL-cholesterol, HDL HDL-cholesterol, Total: HDL total cholesterol-to-HDL ratio, CRP C-reactive protein