Table 4.

Risk of pneumonia after stroke in the BZD and non-BZD cohorts after stratification for age and sex

	BZD use				Non-BZD use				Univariate model		Multivariate model*
	n	Pneumonia cases	Person-years	Incidence rate†	n	Pneumonia cases	Person-years	Incidence rate†	Crude HR(95%  CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95%  CI)	P value
Age
<65	1599	221	10 438.4	21.2	1626	77	7568.1	10.2	2.32 (1.79 to 3.00)	<0.001	2.42 (1.84 to 3.17)	<0.001
≥65	2159	806	9241.7	87.2	2132	401	7095.7	56.5	1.94 (1.72 to 2.18)	<0.001	2.11 (1.86 to 2.40)	<0.001
Sex
Male	2455	721	12 709.5	56.7	2409	278	9945.3	28.0	2.35 (2.04 to 2.69)	<0.001	2.46 (2.13 to 2.84)	<0.001
Female	1303	306	6970.6	43.9	1349	200	4718.5	42.4	1.39 (1.16 to 1.66)	<0.001	1.83 (1.50 to 2.22)	<0.001

*Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, adjusting for all baseline characteristics (listed in table 1) and competing mortality.

†Per 1000 person-years.

BZD, benzodiazepine.