Table 2.
Subgroup analysis for studies presenting depressive symptom scores after isotretinoin compared with the baseline
| Subgroups | Number of cohorts | SMD (95% CI) | P value | I 2 (P value) |
| Region | ||||
| Europe | 14 | −0.35 (−0.51 to −0.19) | <0.05 | 46.3% (<0.05) |
| Asia | 3 | −0.18 (−0.81 to 0.45) | 0.57 | 94.4% (<0.05) |
| North America | 1 | −0.23 (−0.59 to 0.13) | 0.21 | − |
| Africa | 1 | −0.74 (−1.22 to −0.26) | <0.05 | − |
| Depression scale | ||||
| BDI | 10 | 0.10 (−0.12 to 0.32) | 0.38 | 65.2% (<0.05) |
| HADS-D | 4 | 0.57 (0.31 to 0.83) | <0.05 | 27.2% (0.25) |
| CES-D | 2 | 0.27 (0.02 to 0.52) | <0.05 | 0% (0.78) |
| HRS | 2 | 0.55 (−0.46 to 1.56) | 0.29 | 96.6% (<0.05) |
| MADRS | 1 | 0.33 (−0.25 to 0.91) | 0.27 | − |
| ZDS | 1 | 0.74 (0.26 to 1.22) | <0.05 | − |
| Sample size | ||||
| <50 | 9 | −0.38 (−0.65 to −0.12) | <0.05 | 64.0% (<0.05) |
| ≥50 | 11 | −0.29 (−0.54 to −0.04) | <0.05 | 83.1% (<0.05) |
| Percentage of female patients | ||||
| <50 | 12 | −0.32 (−0.55 to −0.09) | <0.05 | 76.8% (<0.05) |
| ≥50 | 8 | −0.34 (−0.04 to −0.64) | <0.05 | 78.4% (<0.05) |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; HRS, Hamilton Rating Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; SMD, standardised mean difference; ZDS, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.