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Mechanisms of action of DJ-1 in astrocytes. After oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, DJ-1 is expressed in immunoreactive astrocytes. DJ-1 facilitates Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus by preventing binding with Keap1. Nrf2 binds to ARE and upregulates expression of GCLC, GCLM, and GSS, which regulate synthesis of GSH
