Table 4.

Associations between MAT Exposure (Model 1) and Treatment for NOWS (Model 2) on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: Results of Multivariable Analyses

Neurodevelopmental outcomes	Unadjusted results		Adjusted results
Model 1 (Both MAT groups vs. HC)
	β	p	β	p
Infant self-regulation (repeated measures)^a	−13.7	0.047	−18.9	0.015
Negative infant affect (repeated measures)^a	7.2	0.098	4.5	0.359
Sensation Seeking:	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
More than others vs. Typical	4.85 (1.76 , 13.38)	0.002	4.87 (1.55, 15.3)	0.007
Model 2 (Treated-for-NOWS vs. Not-Treated-for-NOWS)
	β	p	β	p
Infant self-regulation (repeated measures)^a	−6.6	0.532	−0.61	0.961
Negative infant affect (repeated measures)^a	2.0	0.788	4.9	0.594
Sensation Seeking:	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
More than others vs. Typical	1.07 (0.29, 3.99)	0.918	0.74 (0.15, 3.63)	0.683

Mixed effects modelling for repeated measures across 5 SFP episodes

Model 1: a parsimonious model included birth weight, and family SES predictors. Other covariates initially examined that did not make it into the final model were maternal education, marital status, BDI score, gravidity, and parity.

Model 2: a parsimonious model included gestational age at delivery, type of MAT (buprenorphine vs. methadone), prenatal tobacco use, and maternal race. An additional covariate, preterm status, was examined but was not selected in the final model.