Table II.
Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of children by group*
| Characteristics | ASD n = 668 |
Developmental delays/disorders n = 914 |
General population controls n = 884 |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | ||||
| Age (mo), mean ±SD | 59.3 ± 6.6 | 59.2 ± 7.2 | 59.2 ± 7.4 | .99 |
| Sex (male/female), n (%) | 545 (81.6%) / 123 (18.4%) | 605 (66.2%) / 309 (33.8%) | 462 (52.3%) / 422 (47.7%) | <.001 |
| BMI z score, mean ±SD | 0.35 ± 1.16 | 0.26 ± 1.20 | 0.14 ± 1.12 | .001 |
| Weight status, n (%) | .007 | |||
| Underweight (BMI-for-age <5th percentile) | 30 (4.5%) | 44 (4.8%) | 56 (6.3%) | |
| Normal-weight (BMI-for-age 5–84th percentile) | 454 (68.0%) | 642 (70.2%) | 656 (74.2%) | |
| Overweight (BMI-for-age 85–94th percentile) | 101 (15.1%) | 125 (13.7%) | 103 (11.7%) | |
| Obese (BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile) | 83 (12.4%) | 103 (11.3%) | 69 (7.8%) | |
| Mothers | ||||
| Education, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Less than high school | 43 (6.6%) | 81 (9.1%) | 26 (3.1%) | |
| High school | 92 (14.2%) | 130 (14.7%) | 73 (8.6%) | |
| Some college or more | 515 (79.2%) | 676 (76.2%) | 751 (88.4%) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| White | 408 (61.1%) | 583 (63.8%) | 646 (73.1%) | |
| Black | 123 (18.4%) | 154 (16.9%) | 94 (10.6%) | |
| Asian | 58 (8.7%) | 42 (4.6%) | 39 (4.4%) | |
| American Indian or Pacific Islander | 5 (0.8%) | 7 (0.1%) | 5 (0.6%) | |
| Multiracial | 27 (4.0%) | 43 (4.7%) | 36 (4.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 21 (3.1%) | 43 (4.7%) | 19 (2.2%) | |
| Below federal poverty level, n (% yes) | 68 (10.7) | 93 (4.0) | 47 (5.7) | <.001 |
*
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test.