Table 2.

Summary of studies examining anxiety-related behavior in rodent models of TBI. TBI was delivered to anaesthetised adult animals, unless otherwise stated. EZM – Elevated Zero Maze, EPM – Elevated Plus Maze, OFT – Open Field Test, LDB – Light Dark Box, CCI – Controlled Cortical Impact, FPI – Fluid Percussion Injury.

Model	Citation	Species	Severity	Frequency	Test	Anxiety phenotype
Weight drop	Kosari-Nasab, 2018	Mouse	Mild	Single	EZM	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
	Nichols, 2016	Mouse	Mild	Variable	EPM	No effect of TBI
	Liu, 2017	Mouse	Mild	Repeated	EPM, OFT	Reduced anxiety in TBI mice, mitigated by enrichment
	Schwarzbold, 2010	Mouse	Variable	Single	EPM	Increased anxiety following mild TBI (but not moderate or severe)
	Siopi, 2012	Mouse	Not classified	Single	EPM,EZM	No effect of TBI
	Corrigan, 2017	Rat	Mild	Repeated	EPM	No effect of TBI
	Pandey et al., 2009	Rat	Not classified	Single	EPM, hyperemotionality score	Increased emotionality in TBI rats, normalised by escitalopram
	Fromm, 2004	Rat	Not classified	Single	OFT	Increased anxiety in TBI rats, reduced with MgSO4
CCI	Broussard et al., 2018	Mouse	Mild	Repeated	EPM, OFT	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
	Yang, 2015	Mouse	Mild	Repeated	EPM	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
	Petraglia et al., 2014	Mouse (conscious)	Mild	Repeated	EPM	Increased anxiety short term, Increased risk taking long term, in repeated TBI mice
	Washington et al., 2012	Mouse	Variable	Single	OFT, EPM	No phenotype (OFT), or reduced anxiety (EPM) in TBI mice
	Tucker et al., 2017	Mouse	Variable	Single	LDB	TBI mice show reduced (LDB) or Increased (OFT) anxiety
	Watanabe et al., 2013	Mouse	Not classified	Single	EPM, OFT	No phenotype in TBI mice
	Cope, 2012	Rat	Not classified	Single	LDB	Increased anxiety in TBI rats
	Amorós-Aguilar, 2015	Rat	Not classified	Single	EPM	No effect of TBI
FPI	Shultz et al., 2012a	Rat	Mild	Single	OFT, EPM	No effect of TBI
	Shultz et al., 2012b	Rat	Mild	Repeated	EPM	Increased anxiety in repeated TBI mice
	Webster et al., 2015	Rat	Mild	Repeated	EPM, OFT	No effect of TBI
	Shultz et al., 2015	Rat	Moderate	Single	EPM	Increased anxiety in TBI rats, prevented with sodium selenate treatment
	Rowe, 2016	Rat (varying ages)	Moderate	Single	OFT	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
Blast injury	Xie, 2013	Mouse	Mild	Repeated	EZM	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
	Elder, 2012	Rat	Mild	Repeated	EZM, LDB	Increased anxiety in TBI mice
	Perez-Garcia, 2018	Rat	Mild	Repeated	LDB	Increased anxiety in TBI rats, reversed by BCI-818
	Sweis, 2016	Rat	Not classified	Single	Beam walk, EPM	Increased anxiety in TBI rats