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. 2019 Jan 21;9:1939. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01939

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Copyright © 2019 Zhao, Zhang, Jia, Feng, Guo, Han, Liu, Shang, Wang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of vitamin E on autophagic vacuoles and autophagy substrate in proximal tubules in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. (A–D) Immunohistochemical staining and expression score ofLC3-II and SQSTM1 in proximal tubules from non-diabetic and diabetic rats treated with vitamin E. (E–G) Western blot analysis of LC3, SQSTM1 level in the renal cortex from non-diabetic and diabetic rats treated with vitamin E. Densitometry was performed for quantification and the ratio of LC3-II, SQSTM1 to tubulin was expressed as fold of control. Scale bar: 40 μm. ^##p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.01 versus control (CON); ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01 versus vehicle-treated diabetic control (DM).