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. 2019 Jan 21;9:1939. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01939

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Copyright © 2019 Zhao, Zhang, Jia, Feng, Guo, Han, Liu, Shang, Wang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of vitamin E’s renoprotective effect and the autophagic stress-associated mechanisms. AGEs induces autophagic stress by blocking lysosomal-dependent degradation of autophagosomes in proximal tubules in DN, irrespective of autophagosome formation. And the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and autophagy substrate is likely a sign of increased autophagic stress. High dose vitamin E could attenuate TEC injury and prevent the progression of DN by depressing autophagic stress.