Table III.
The ICU mortality. Descriptive characteristics of survivors and deceased patients
| Variable | Survivors (N = 34) | Deceased patients (N = 67) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
42.91 ±13.63 43 (31–51) 24–78 |
50.42 ±12.66 52 (43–59) 27–83 |
0.0095 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | N (%) | 12 (35.29) | 37 (56.06) | 0.0491 |
| Cirrhosis with ascites | N (%) | 14 (41.18) | 46 (68.66) | 0.0079 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | N (%) | 3 (8.82) | 21 (31.34) | 0.0235 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | N (%) | 20 (60.61) | 39 (60.00) | 0.9538 |
| GCS score | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
12.18 ±4.11 15 (9–15) 3–15 |
9.61 ±4.82 11 (5–14) 3–15 |
0.0016 |
| SOFA score | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
9.78 ±4.12 8 (6.5–13) 5–17 |
15.54 ±3.19 15 (13–18) 10–22 |
< 0.0001 |
| APACHE II score | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
17.72 ±7.80 17 (13–21) 4–36 |
29.06 ±8.81 29 (23–36) 12–55 |
< 0.0001 |
| SAPS II score | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
37.66 ±18.86 31 (25–52) 15–81 |
63.04 ±18.73 64 (48–73) 22–103 |
< 0.0001 |
| MELD UNOS Modification score | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
27.15 ±5.49 26.5 (23–31) 18–40 |
33.91 ±8.36 35 (27–41) 18–48 |
0.0001 |
| Length of hospital stay [days] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
26.82 ±16.81 26 (14–38) 3–60 |
18.42 ±15.57 14 (7–28) 1–63 |
0.0113 |
| Length of ICU stay [days] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
11.32 ±11.23 7 (5–12) 3–48 |
10.54 ±10.38 8 (3–14) 1–51 |
0.6761 |
| Total bilirubin [mg/dl] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
21.95 ±13.25 22.03 (9.47–30.48) 0.66–45.54 |
17.37 ±12.07 17.51 (6.15–25.71) 0.69–43.22 |
0.0913 |
| Direct bilirubin [mg/dl] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
23.66 ±9.58 23.98 (15.51–29.44) 2.08–43.21 |
20.11 ±9.25 20.96 (13.24–28.26) 0.71–42.85 |
0.1592 |
| Bile acids [µmol/l] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
127.80 ±106.95 96.2 (79.9–133) 28.7–549.3 |
100.66 ±77.75 76.65 (51.8–138.7) 28.4–415.8 |
0.1549 |
| Ammonia [µg/dl] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
107.75 ±87.99 94 (67–123) 16–543.6 |
172.52 ±233.25 103.6 (72–165) 13–1535 |
0.2743 |
| INR | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
1.91 ±0.60 1.88 (1.5–2.31) 0.86–3.51 |
2.67 ±0.98 2.59 (1.8–3.45) 1.24–5.46 |
0.0002 |
| Prothrombin time [s] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
22.24 ±6.66 21.85 (17.2–27.2) 9.9–40.4 |
34.19 ±22.80 30.7 (20.9–42.9) 14.4–189.7 |
0.0001 |
| Creatinine [mg/dl] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
1.65 ±1.60 1 (0.74–1.8) 0.39–6.81 |
3.05 ±2.42 2.58 (1.35–4.13) 0.1–13.52 |
0.0002 |
| Albumin [g/dl] | Mean ± SD Me (IQR) Min.–max. |
3.11 ±0.60 3.10 (2.835–3.515) 1.45–4.47 |
2.58 ±0.66 2.53 (2.09–3.09) 0.9–4.16 |
0.0003 |
| ECLS during ICU stay | N (%) | 22 (64.71) | 26 (38.81) | 0.0138 |
| CRRT during ICU stay | N (%) | 8 (23.53) | 34 (50.75) | 0.0074 |
APACHE – Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CRRT – continuous renal replacement therapy, ECLS – extracorporeal liver support, GCS – Glasgow Coma Scale, ICU – intensive care unit, INR – prothrombin ratio, IQR – interquartile range, MELD UNOS – Model of End-stage Liver Disease United Network for Organ Sharing, SAPS – Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SD – standard deviation, SOFA – Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.