Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing colonoscopy. (Fitzpatrick skin types: I, pale white skin, blue/hazel eyes, blond/red hair; II, fair skin, blue eyes; III, darker white skin; IV, light brown skin; V, brown skin; VI, dark brown or black skin).
| Crohn’s disease (n = 20) | Ulcerative colitis (n = 15) | Non-IBD controls (n = 14) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (range) years | 42 (22–69) | 40 (23–68) | 50 (23–70) | 0.092a |
| Female:male | 8:12 | 5:10 | 7:7 | 0.308a |
| Comorbid illnesses, n | ||||
| Hypertension | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Viral hepatitis | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Australian and New Zealander | 13 (65) | 9 (60) | 8 (57) | |
| Northern and Western European | 2 (10) | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | |
| Southern European | 3 (15) | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | |
| Eastern European | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | |
| Eastern and South-East Asian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | |
| Indian Subcontinental | 1 (5) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Arab and Middle Eastern | 1 (5) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Jewish | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | |
| South and Central American | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | |
| Fitzpatrick skin type, n (%) | ||||
| I | 4 (7) | 1 (2) | 3 (8) | |
| II | 35 (63) | 29 (64) | 22 (56) | |
| III | 15 (27) | 11 (24) | 12 (31) | |
| IV | 2 (4) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| V | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 2 (5) | |
| VI | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never smoked | 4 (20) | 10 (67) | 5 (36) | |
| Ex-smokers | 10 (50) | 3 (20) | 7 (50) | |
| Current smokers | 6 (30) | 2 (13) | 2 (14) | |
| Body mass index, mean (95% CI), kg/m2 | 27.4 (24.4–30.4) | 29.0 (25.0–32.9) | 27.8 (24.6–31.0) | 0.769a |
| Waist circumference, mean (95% CI), cm | 92.2 (85.5–99.0) | 98.4 (89.0–107.8) | 97.1 (88.6–105.7) | 0.456a |
| Systolic BP, mean (95% CI), mmHg | 116 (111–122) | 119 (112–126) | 123 (116–131) | 0.277a |
| Heart rate, mean (95% CI), beats/min | 76 (71–81) | 73 (67–80) | 69 (62–76) | 0.237a |
| Vitamin D supplementation, n (%) | 14 (70) | 11 (73) | 3 (21) | 0.003 c |
| Estimated total dietary vitamin D intake, mean (range), IU/day | 1342 (31–5413) | 1005 (24–3229) | 349 (14–1091) | 0.061a |
a
Analysis of variance.
b
Kruskal–Wallis test.
c
Chi-squared, IBD versus healthy controls.
BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.