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(A) Intraoperative photo of the live surgery performed using a transcanal endoscopic approach. (B) Comparison of intraoperative (upper panel) with virtual, preoperative otoendoscopic views (lower panel) demonstrated that the virtual render predicted the trajectory of the real surgical approach based on structures at risk: (a) internal carotid artery, (b) jugular bulb, (c) basal turn of the cochlea, and (d) access to petrous apex cyst.
