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. 2019 Jan 24;15:1744806918825044. doi: 10.1177/1744806918825044

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Altered glutamate transporter expression and GLT1 nitration in the RVM after hind paw inflammation. (a) Western immunoblot illustrating CFA-induced changes in dimerized GLT1 and GFAP expression. The RVM tissues were punched out at 30 min to eight weeks after CFA injection. Examples of the blot are shown on top and the relative protein levels are shown in the bottom histogram. Dashed line indicates the naïve level. The immunobands against β-actin were a loading control. (b) GLT1 expression in naïve rats over the same period as in (a). N = 4. (c) GLT1 immunostaining in the RVM. Py, pyramidal tract. (d) Double immunofluorescence labeling of GLT1 and GFAP illustrating astroglial localization of GLT1. Arrows indicate examples of GFAP and GLT1-labeled cells. The area in rectangles in top left and middle panels are enlarged below. (e) CFA-induced changes in GLAST and EAAC1 expression. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. naïve. N = 4 for each group. (f) CFA-induced changes in GLT-nitration. *p < 0.05 vs. naïve, N = 4. Error bars represent S.E.M. GLT1: glutamate type 1 transporter; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; CFA: complete Freund’s adjuvant.