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. 2019 Jan 24;15:1744806918825044. doi: 10.1177/1744806918825044

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — The effect of GLT1 knock down on nociception. (a) Tissue sections from the RVM were processed for GLT1 immunoreactivity from a rat receiving negative control shRNA (top) and a rat at three days after transfer of shRNA against GLT1 mRNA (bottom). Compared to the rat receiving negative control gene transfer, the GLT1 immunoreactivity was decreased in the RVM after the transfer of shRNA against GLT1 mRNA. (b) The GLT1 protein levels in the RVM were downregulated from one to five days and recovered at seven days after transfer of shRNA for GLT1 to the naïve rats. NC shRNA. *p < 0.05 vs. naïve. N = 4. (c) Both left and right PWLs were significantly decreased at one to seven days after the transfer of shRNA against GLT1 mRNA, compared to rats receiving negative control-shRNA (*p < 0.05 vs. Ctrl-shRNA). (d) The intra-RVM transfer of GLT1 shRNA decreased PW threshold of both paws. (c) and (d) Arrows indicate the gene transfection by electroporation. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. Ctrl-shRNA. GLT1: glutamate type 1 transporter; NC: negative control.